Perspective: Nanophotonic electro-optics enabling THz bandwidths, exceptional modulation and energy efficiencies, and compact device footprints
نویسندگان
چکیده
The growth of integrated photonics has driven the need for efficient, high-bandwidth electrical-to-optical (EO) signal conversion over a broad range frequencies (MHz–THz), together with high bandwidth photodetection. Efficient is needed applications including fiber/wireless telecom, data centers, sensing/imaging, metrology/spectroscopy, autonomous vehicle platforms, etc., as well cryogenic supercomputing/quantum computing. Diverse require ability to function wide environmental conditions (e.g., temperatures from <4 >400 K). Active photonic device footprints are being scaled toward nanoscopic dimensions size compatibility electronic elements. Nanophotonic devices increase optical and RF field confinement via small feature sizes, increasing intensities by many orders magnitude, enabling high-performance Pockels effect materials be ultimately utilized their maximum potential in-device voltage-length performance ≤0.005 V mm). Organic have recently exhibited significant improvements in theory-guided design, realized macroscopic electro-optic activity (r33) exceeding 1000 pm/V at telecom wavelengths. Hybrid organic/semiconductor nanophotonic integration propelled development new organic synthesis, processing, design methodologies capture this improved understanding spatial distribution order poled under effects metal/semiconductor-organic interfaces on performance. Covalent coupling, whether situ crosslinking or sequential also provides thermally photochemically stable alternative thermoplastic EO polymers. processing techniques will reduce attenuation r33 values observed silicon hybrid plasmonic arising chromophore-electrode electrostatic interactions material conductance poling temperatures. focus perspective materials, an emphasis consider interrelationship between architectures materials.
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: APL Materials
سال: 2023
ISSN: ['2166-532X']
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0145212